MedCram – Medical Lectures Explained Clearly

Section 1. Physiology, Leads, Waves, & The Nervous System (7): CHECK SAMPLE

Section 2. Rate, Rhythm, Premature Beats, and Pauses (7)

Section 3. Tachyarrhythmias, Flutter, & Fibrillation (6)

Section 4. Blocks (3)

Section 5. Axis, Precordial Leads, & Hypertrophy (4)

Section 6. Infarction, Hemiblocks, Fascicular Blocks, & External Influences (6)

Section 7. EKG Interpretation System & Practice EKGs (16)

1. Intro and Understanding Sodium (3)

2. Hypernatremia (5)

3. Hyponatremia (6)

4. Hyperkalemia (3)

5. Hypokalemia (5)

6. Chloride and Bicarbonate (4)

7. BUN and Creatinine (4)

8. Glucose (2)

1. General principles, when to order, and lab errors

2. Leukocytosis

3. Leukopenia and Neutropenia

4. Leukopenia Causes

5. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit

6. Polycythemia

7. Anemia, Part 1

8. Anemia, Part 2

9. Blood Transfusions

10. CBC “pearls”

11. Thrombocytosis

12. Blood Smears

13. Thrombocytopenia, Part 1

14. Thrombocytopenia, Part 2

15. Thrombocytopenia, Part 3

16. CBC Case study

1. Vasopressor physiology, pathway, & vitamin C

2. Comparing each vasopressor & impact on receptors

3. Managing septic shock with vasopressors

4. Central line, other access options, complications & extravasation

5. Clinical advice for using vasopressors

6. Clinical scenarios & practice cases

1. Principles of Urine Collection Methods

2. Heme, Leukocyte Esterase, Nitrite, Protein, pH

3. Glucose and Ketones in Urine

4. Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, and Specific Gravity

5. Urine Electrolytes, Osmolality, FENa, FEUrea

6. Transtubular Potassium Gradient (TTKG)

7. Urinary Anion Gap

8. Clinical Correlation – Urine Findings in Common Conditions

9. Gross Assessment – Color, Turbidity, Smell

10. Urine Crystals – Cystine, Uric Acid, Triple Phosphate, Ca Oxalate

11. Casts – RBC, Granular, Hyaline, Fat, WBC. Nephrotic and Nephritic Syndrome

12. Waxy Casts, WBCs, Gram Stained Bacteria, RBCs, Epithelial & Squamous Cells

13. Case Study 1

14. Case Study 2

1. Penicillins Explained Clearly

2. Cephalosporins Explained Clearly

3. Fluoroquinolones Explained Clearly

4. Macrolides Explained Clearly

5. Tetracyclines Explained Clearly

6. Aminoglycosides Explained Clearly

7. Monobactams and Carbapenems Explained Clearly

8. Vancomycin Explained Clearly

9. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra), Part 1

10. Trimethoprim:sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra), Part 2

11. Clindamycin Explained Clearly

Part 1 – Key Concepts (8)

Part 2 – Mechanical Ventilation “Pearls” (5)

1. Course Introduction

2. Definition and Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

3. Bicarb, Carbon Dioxide, and Anion Gap

4. Compensation and Acid Base States

5. Winter’s Formulas and Compensation

6. The Method of Solving Acid Base Questions

7. Practice Cases, Part 1

8. Practice Cases, Part 2

9. Practice Cases, Part 3

1. Live Webinar Replay Key COVID-19 Clinical Updates and Lessons Learned So Far (Recorded April 30th, 2020)

1. Definitions and Overview

2. Hypotonic, Isotonic, and Hypertonic Hyponatremia

3. The Hypotonic Hyponatremias Hypovolemic, Hypervolemic, and Isovolemic

4. Review

1. Introduction and Lung Ultrasound Principles Review

2. Lung Ultrasound Findings in Pneumonia & ARDS Review

3. Lung Ultrasound Findings in COVID-19

4. Utility of Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19

5. Disinfection of the Ultrasound Machine & Summary

Section 1. Overview and FAST Windows (5)

Section 2. Hemoperitoneum & Hemopericardium (4)

Section 3. EFAST, Hemothorax, & Pneumothorax (4)

Section 4. Clinical Application, Cases, & “SUSS IT” (7)

Section 1. Introduction to Lung Ultrasound (4)

Section 2. Lung Ultrasound Signs (5)

Section 3. Lung Ultrasound Profiles & Pathology (8)

Section 4. US in Airway, Cases and Conclusion (7)

Section 5. Lung Ultrasound and COVID-19 (5)

1. Introduction – Physics of Ultrasound Waves

2. Physics of Ultrasound in Tissue

3. Ultrasound Transducers

4. US Orientation and Imaging Planes

5. US Terminology & Biosafety

6. US “Knobology” Part 1

7. US “Knobology” Part 2

8. Handling the US Transducer, US Modes (B- & M-)

9. US Modes (C- & D-)

10. US Artifacts, Part 1

11. US Artifacts, Part 2

12. Your First US Exam

Section 1. Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) (7)

Section 2. Chest X-Ray (3)

Section 3. Oxygen Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve (2)

Section 4. Hypoxemia (5)

Section 5. CT Scan of the Chest and Chronic Cough (3)

Section 6. Pleural Effusion (3)

Section 7. Asthma (2)

Section 8. COPD (5)

Section 9. Pulmonary Embolism (4)

Section 10. Sleep Apnea (2)

Section 11. Pneumonia (3)

Section 12. Lung Cancer (5)

Section 13. Mechanical Ventilation (6)

1. Hypoxemia, Part 1

2. Hypoxemia, Part 2

3. CO, Methemoglobin, and Cyanide Poisoning

4. DLCO, Spirometry, and PFTs

5. Flow Volume Loops

6. Obstruction vs. Restriction

7. Asthma and COPD

8. More on COPD, Bronchiectasis, and Cystic Fibrosis

9. Interstitial lung disease

10. Occupational vs Non-occupational Interstitial Lung Disease

11. Various Interstitial Lung Diseases (Eosinophilic Granuloma, LAM, etc.)

12. Interstitial Lung Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension

13. Pulmonary Hypertension

14. Pulmonary Embolism and DVTs

15. Diagnosing Pulmonary Embolism

16. PE Treatment and Pleural Effusions

17. Pneumothorax and Pneumonia

18. Atypical Pneumonia

19. Pseudomonas and Tuberculosis

20. Lung Nodules and Lung Cancer

21. Cough and Hemoptysis

Section 1. Inspection, JVP, Arterial Pulse, Apical Impulse (1)

Section 2. Heart Sounds & Cardiac Maneuvers (3)

Section 3. Systolic vs. Diastolic Murmurs, Mitral Regurgitation & Mitral Stenosis (2)

Section 4. Mitral Valve Prolapse, Rheumatic Fever, Cardiac Catheterization (1)

Section 5. Hypertension (2)

Section 6. Malignant Hypertension, Angina, Ischemia, & CAD Testing (2)

Section 7. Angina, CAD, and Myocardial Infarction (2)

Section 8. Diagnosing MI and Complications (2)

Section 9. MI Prevention, Heart Failure, & Cardiac Diagnostics (2)

Section 10. Heart Failure Treatment (2)

Section 11. Cardiomyopathy, Pericarditis, Effusion, & Tamponade (2)

Section 12. Cardiac Arrhythmias & Heart Blocks (2)

1. Hemostasis, Platelet and Coagulation Disorders

2. Acquired Coagulation Disorders and Anemias

3. Hemolytic Anemias, Sickle Cell Disease, Thalassemias, Lymphomas

4. Leukemias (ALL, AML, CLL, CML)

5. Polycythemia Vera, Multiple Myeloma and Other Plasma Cell Disorders

Section 1. Immunizations, Infections in Diabetics, Alcoholics, & IV Drug Users (2)

Section 2. Prosthetics, Granulocytopenia, Corticosteroids, & Endocarditis (2)

Section 3. Osteomyelitis, Vascular Infections, & Meningitis (1)

Section 4. Encephalitis, Abscess, & STDs (1)

Section 5. LGV, Urethritis, & Vaginal Infections (1)

Section 6. Toxic Shock Syndrome & HIV (1)

1. Heart Lung Interactions

2. Ventilation in Metabolic Acidosis

3. Ventilating COPD, Part 1

4. Ventilating COPD, Part 2

5. Bilevel Ventilation

1. Definition, Epidemiology & Pathophysiology

2. Risk Factors, General Prophylaxis, Intubation, and Mechanical Ventilation

3. CASS, Balloon Inflation, Awakening and Breathing Trials

4. Aspiration, Body Position, Feeding, Antibiotics

5. Oral Chlorhexidine, Transfusions, GI Prophylaxis, BUNDLES, Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract

6. 2016 Guidelines Update

1. Introduction, Resistance Factors, Epidemiology, Risk Factors

2. Radiology, Steps of the Work Up, Treatment Part 1

3. Treatment Part 2

4. Case Study

Section 1. Systemic Problems – Shock, Sepsis, and DKA (4)

Section 2. The Three P’s – Pneumonia, PE, and Pleural Effusion (10)

Section 3. Key Sodium and Potassium Problems (7)

Section 4. Mechanical Ventilation (5)

Section 5. Selected Liver, Heart, and Kidney Problems (10)

1. Extra-abdominal Causes of Pain & Local vs. Diffuse Pain

2. Peritonitis & Persistent vs. Intermittent Pain

3. Associated Clues, Signs, and Symptoms of Abdominal Pain

4. Case 1

5. Case 2

6. Case 3

7. Case 4

1. Symptoms, Diagnosis, Imaging Findings

2. Treatment Options

3. Updates & Controversies

4. Vitamin E and CDC Update From Bronchoalveolar Lavages

1. Introduction with BUN and Creatinine and the Nephron

2. BUN:Cr Ratio and the Nephron

3. Pre-renal, Renal, & Post-renal and FENa-differential

1. Adrenal Anatomy, Function, Hormones, Diseases

2. Primary vs. Secondary Addison’s and Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

1. Aortic Regurgitation (Insufficiency) Explained Clearly

1. Aortic Stenosis Explained Clearly

1. Definition, Pathophysiology, & Differential Diagnosis

2. Diagnosis & Treatment

3. Case Study, Part 1

4. Case Study, Part 2

1. Elbow Ossification Explained Clearly

2. Corneal Reflex Explained Clearly

3. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Explained Clearly

4. HIV Testing Board Question Explained Clearly

5. Digoxin Explained Clearly

6. Community Acquired Pneumonia Explained Clearly

7. Number Needed to Treat (NNT) Explained Clearly

8. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM, IHSS, HOCM) Explained Clearly

9. Glycogen Storage Diseases (GSD) Explained Clearly

10. Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Explained Clearly

11. Bell’s Palsy Explained Clearly

12. Glycogen Storage Diseases (GSD) Part 2 Explained Clearly

13. Dilution Explained Clearly

14. Ovarian Torsion Explained Clearly

15. Radiation & Dose Response Curve Explained Clearly

1. Cell Cycle, Cell Signaling, and Disease Explained Clearly

1. Definition and Pathophysiology

2. Advanced Pathophysiology

3. Treatment

4. GOLD Classification and Advanced Issues

1. Basics, Airway, and Bone

2. Cardiac, Diaphragm, & Lung Fields

3. Various Pathology (CHF, Pleural Effusion, Pneumothorax, etc.)

1. Chronic Cough Causes – GERD, Asthma & Post Nasal Drip

2. Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Cough

1. CT Scan of the Chest Explained Clearly

1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Explained Clearly

2. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) Treatment Explained Clearly

1. Definitions, Pillar Analogy Introduction

2. The Process of a Terminal Extubation

1. Pathophysiology, Definitions, ABPA, Loeffler’s Syndrome

2. Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia, Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia, Hypereosinophilic Syndrome, & Churg Strauss Syndrome

1. Basics, Terminology and Definitions

2. Pathophysiology – Preload

3. Pathophysiology – Afterload

1. Causes and Manifestations

2. Treatment

1. Hypernatremia Explained Clearly

1. Definition & Treatment (A,B,C, &D)

2. More Categories of Medications

3. 2017 Hypertension Guidelines (ACCAHA)

1. Hypoxemia Explained Clearly – High Altitude

2. Pulmonary Diffusion Explained Clearly

3. Hypoventilation Explained Clearly

4. Shunting Explained Clearly

5. Ventilation Perfusion (VQ) Mismatch Explained Clearly

1. Influenza Explained Clearly

1. Inhalers Explained Clearly

1. Normal Sleep, Age, Definitions, & Types of Insomnia

2. 3P Theory and Approach to Insomnia

3. CBTI, Stimulus Control, Sleep Hygiene

4. Sleep Restriction Therapy and Summary of CBTI

5. Sleeping Pills

6. Putting It All Together

1. Description and Definitions

2. Manifestations and Pathology

1. Liver Overview Explained Clearly

2. Liver Function Tests (LFTs) Explained Clearly

3. Liver Diseases Explained Clearly

4. Liver Diseases Explained Clearly – Cholestatic Disease

1. Definition, Epidemiology, and Pathophysiology

2. Screening and TMN Staging

3. Histology Small Cell and and Non Small Cell (Paraneoplastic Syndromes)

1. Definition – Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma – Subtypes

2. Definition – Hodgkin’s Lymphoma – Subtypes

1. Intro and Overview

2. Signs, Symptoms, Diagnosis, & Treatment

1. Introduction and Compliance

2. Pressure-Volume Relationships and Modes

3. Plateau and Peak Pressure, PEEP, and Other Vent Settings

4. Vent Changes with ARDS and COPD

5. Liberation From the Ventilator – Checklist

1. Definition and Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

2. Bicarb, Carbon Dioxide, and Anion Gap

3. Compensation and Acid Base States

4. Winter’s Formulas and Compensation

5. The Method of Solving Acid Base Questions

6. Practice Cases Part 1

7. Practice Cases Part 2

8. Practice Cases Part 3

1. Mitral Valve Stenosis Explained Clearly

1. Nephrotic vs Nephritic Syndrome Explained Clearly

1. Oxygen Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve Explained Clearly

2. Delivery of Oxygen to Tissues Explained Clearly

1. Definition, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis & Thoracentesis

2. Exudate versus Transudate – Light’s Criteria

3. Gross fluid analysis

1. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Vaccination

2. Typical versus Atypical and Fungal

3. Treatment

1. Epidemiology and Diagnosis

2. Treatment

3. Reversal Agents and Duration of Treatment

4. IVC Filter, Thrombolysis, and Hypercoagulable Work-up

1. Introduction and Normative Values

2. Restriction & Obstruction, FVC, FEV1, and FEV1FVC Ratio

3. Flow Volume Loop

4. Lung Volumes, FRC, RV

5. The Algorithm, Part 1

6. The Algorithm, Part 2

7. Wrap Up

1. Pulmonary Hypertension Explained Clearly

2. Pulmonary Hypertension Treatment Explained Clearly

1. Definitions, Equations, and Graphs

2. Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, & Negative Predictive Value The Square

3. Practical Applications

1. Shock and Sepsis Explained Clearly

2. Shock and Sepsis Treatment Explained Clearly

3. Volume Replacement & Blood Transfusions Explained Clearly

1. Sleep Apnea Explained Clearly, Part 1

2. Sleep Apnea Explained Clearly, Part 2

1. Zika Virus Explained Clearly