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SKETCHY USMLE Pathophysiology 2025

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The SKETCHY USMLE Pathophysiology series offers a dynamic, visual-based approach to mastering the mechanisms of disease for the USMLE Step 1. By blending story-driven mnemonics with high-yield content, it helps students understand and recall essential concepts in pathophysiology, bridging the gap between basic science and clinical medicine.

SKETCHY USMLE Pathophysiology – Ideal For:

  • Medical students preparing for the USMLE Step 1 who want to make pathophysiology engaging and manageable.
  • Visual learners who thrive with story-based and mnemonic-driven study tools.
  • Students looking to solidify their understanding of disease processes and their clinical implications.

SKETCHY USMLE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2025

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SKETCHY USMLE PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TOPICS 2025

Chapter 1 – Ischemic Heart Disease (3)

1. Myocardial Response To Ischemia

2. Stable Angina, Vasospastic Angina, & Acute Coronary Syndromes (UA, NSTEMI, STEMI)

3. Acute Myocardial Infarction & Post-MI Timeline

Chapter 2 – Heart Failure (2)

1. Congestive Heart Failure – Pathophysiology

2. Congestive Heart Failure – Clinical Manifestations

Chapter 3 – Myocardial & Pericardial Disorders (4)

1. Dilated and Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

2. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

3. Myocarditis

4. Pericarditis & Constrictive Pericarditis

Chapter 4 – Valvular Disorders (3)

1. Mitral Stenosis, Acute Rheumatic Fever & Rheumatic Heart Disease

2. Mitral Valve Regurgitation and Prolapse

3. Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation

Chapter 5 – Congenital Heart Disease (2)

1. Left-to-Right Shunts

2. Right-to-Left Shunts

Chapter 1 – Atherosclerosis (2)

1. Atherosclerosis Pathophysiology

2. Peripheral Artery Disease

Chapter 2 – Hypertension (3)

1. Hypertension

2. Aortic Aneurysm

3. Aortic Dissection

Chapter 3 – Vasculitides (2)

1. Large & Medium Vessel Vasculitides

2. Small Vessel Vasculitides

Chapter 1 – Obstructive Lung Disease (2)

1. COPD & Emphysema

2. Asthma & Bronchiectasis

Chapter 2 – Restrictive Lung Disease (4)

1. Restrictive Lung Disease

2. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

3. Pneumoconioses

4. Sarcoidosis & Berylliosis

Chapter 3 – Acute Lung Disease (3)

1. Pneumothorax

2. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

3. Deep Vein Thrombosis & Pulmonary Embolism

Chapter 4 – Lung Cancer (1)

4. Lung Carcinoma

Chapter 1 – Acute Kidney Injury (3)

1. Renal Function Tests & Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

2. Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

3. Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

Chapter 2 – Glomerulopathy (2)

1. Nephrotic Syndrome

2. Nephritic Syndrome

Chapter 3 – Congenital & Chronic Kidney Disease (2)

1. Congenital & Cystic Kidney Disease

2. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Chapter 4 – Urinary Tract Obstruction (3)

1. Hydronephrosis & Urinary Tract Obstruction

2. Calcium Oxalate Stones & Calcium Phosphate Stones

3. Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) Stones, Uric Acid Stones, & Cystine Stones

Chapter 5 – Renal Cancer (1)

1. Renal Cell Carcinoma & Nephroblastoma

Chapter 6 – Volume, Electrolyte & Acid/Base Disorders (5)

1. Osmolality & Sodium Disorders

2. Potassium Disorders

3. Calcium Disorders

4. Acid-base Disorders

5. Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)

Chapter 1 – Esophageal & Gastric Disorders (4)

1. Structural Esophageal Disorders & GERD

2. Esophageal Dysmotility & Cancer

3. Acute and Chronic Gastritis & Peptic Ulcer Disease

4. Gastric Dysmotility & Cancer

Chapter 2 – Small Bowel Disorders (4)

1. Small Bowel Obstruction, Ileus & Hernias

2. Carcinoid Tumor & Small Bowel Neoplasms

3. Intestinal Ischemia & Angiodysplasia

4. Congenital GI Disorders

Chapter 3 – Colorectal & Anal Disorders (4)

1. Large Bowel & Appendiceal Disorders

2. Crohn’s Disease & Ulcerative Colitis

3. Colorectal Polyps & Cancer

4. Anorectal Disorders

Chapter 1 – Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Disease (4)

1. Lab Evaluation of Liver Injury & Hyperbilirubinemia

2. Gallbladder & Biliary Tract Disease

3. Primary Biliary Cholangitis & Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

4. Biliary Cysts & Cholangiocarcinoma

Chapter 2 – Liver Disease (4)

1. Cirrhosis – Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations

2. Hereditary Hemochromatosis & Wilson’s Disease

3. Alcoholic and Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

4. Liver Tumors & Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Chapter 3 – Pancreatic Disease (2)

1. Acute & Chronic Pancreatitis

2. Pancreatic Cancer & Islet Cell Tumors

Chapter 1 – Hypothalamic & Pituitary Disorders (4)

1. Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction – Etiologies

2. Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction – Clinical Manifestations

3. Hyperpituitarism

4. Diabetes Insipidus & SIADH

Chapter 2 – Adrenal Disorders (5)

1. Adrenal Insufficiency

2. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

3. Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Hyperaldosteronism & Hypercortisolism

4. Cushing’s Syndrome

5. Pheochromocytoma & Neuroblastoma

Chapter 3 – Diabetes (3)

1. Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis & Acute Clinical Manifestations

2. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS)

3. Diabetes Mellitus Chronic Complications

Chapter 4 – Thyroid & Parathyroid (6)

1. Hypothyroidism Overview & Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

2. Hypothyroidism Other Causes

3. Hyperthyroidism Overview & Graves’ Disease

4. Thyroid Nodules & Cancer

5. Parathyroid Gland Disorders

6. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)

Chapter 1 – Uterine & Vulvovaginal Disorders (3)

1. Structural Causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding & Endometriosis

2. Cervical Neoplasia

3. Vulvar & Vaginal Lesions

Chapter 2 – Reproductive Hormones & Ovarian Disorders (4)

1. Reproductive Hormones Overview & Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

2. Amenorrhea

3. Ovarian Cysts & Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

4. Ovarian Neoplasms (Germ Cell & Sex Chord-Stromal Tumors)

Chapter 3 – Gestational Disorders (3)

1. Hydatidiform Mole & Choriocarcinoma

2. Gestational Disorders

3. Polyhydramnios & Oligohydramnios

Chapter 4 – Breast (2)

1. Benign Breast Disorders

2. Breast Cancer

Chapter 5 – Male GU (3)

1. Testicular Disorders & Cancer

2. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) & Prostate Cancer

3. Bladder Cancer & Penile Disorders

Chapter 1 – Microcytic Anemias (2)

1. Microcytic Anemia Overview & Thalassemias

2. Microcytic Anemia Iron deficiency Anemia & Anemia of Chronic Disease

Chapter 2 – Normocytic & Macrocytic Anemias (5)

1. Extravascular Hemolysis Overview & RBC Membrane Defects

2. Intravascular Hemolysis Overview & Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)

3. G6PD Deficiency & Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

4. Sickle Cell Disease

5. Megaloblastic Anemia Folate Deficiency & Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Chapter 3 – Coagulopathies & Platelet (5)

1. Quantitative Platelet Disorders

2. Qualitative Platelet Disorders

3. Inherited Coagulation Defects

4. Acquired Coagulation Defects

5. Acquired & Inherited Thrombosis Syndromes

Chapter 1 – Myeloid Disorders (3)

1. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms & Myelodysplastic Syndromes

2. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) & Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

3. Polycythemia

Chapter 2 – Lymphoid & Plasma Cell Disorders (4)

1. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Hairy Cell Leukemia & Adult T-cell Leukemia

2. Hodgkin lymphoma

3. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

4. Plasma Cell Neoplasms

Chapter 1 – Autoimmune & Amyloidosis (4)

1. Autoimmune Disease Overview & Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2. Sjogren’s Syndrome, Systemic Sclerosis & Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

3. Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis

4. Amyloidosis

Chapter 2 – Immunodeficiency (4)

1. Bruton Agammaglobulinemia, IgA Deficiency, CVID & DiGeorge Syndrome

2. Combined B & T-Cell Disorders

3. Complement System Disorders

4. Phagocytic Cell Disorders

Chapter 1 – Bone (5)

1. Osteoporosis & Paget Disease of Bone

2. Osteomalacia & Rickets

3. Benign Bone Tumors

4. Malignant Bone Tumors

5. Congenital Bone Disorders – Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Achondroplasia & Osteopetrosis

Chapter 2 – Joint (3)

1. Osteoarthritis

2. Rheumatoid Arthritis

3. Gout & Pseudogout

Chapter 3 – Muscle (2)

1. Muscular Dystrophies

2. Myasthenia Gravis & Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome

Chapter 4 – Dermatology (2)

1. Actinic Keratosis, Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Basal Cell Carcinoma

2. Malignant Melanoma

Chapter 5 – Retired Lessons (1)

1. Osteoporosis & Paget Disease of Bone [Old Version]

Chapter 1 – Cerebrovascular (2)

1. Epidural Hematoma, Subdural Hematoma, & Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

2. Ischemic Stroke & Hemorrhagic Stroke

Chapter 2 – Intracranial Hypertension and Tumors (4)

1. Intracranial Hypertension

2. Hydrocephalus

3. Adult CNS Tumors

4. Pediatric CNS Tumors

Chapter 3 – Spinal Cord & Peripheral Nerve (3)

1. Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) & Friedreich Ataxia

2. Multiple Sclerosis

3. Guillain-Barré & Charcot-Marie-Tooth

Chapter 4 – Congenital & Neurocutaneous (3)

1. Neural Tube Defects, Holoprosencephaly, Chiari Malformation & Syringomyelia

2. Sturge-Weber & Tuberous Sclerosis

3. Neurofibromatosis

Chapter 5 – Neurodegenerative (2)

1. Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia

2. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Parkinson’s Disease & Huntington’s Disease

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